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Write a mid-term paper (no less than seven and no more than 12 pages) in which you will discuss your Racial Identity Development (RID) or White Racial Identity Development (WRID). For either RID or WRID, use the “models” that will be presented in class. The “models” are for 1. White, 2. African American, 3. American Indian, 4. Asian, 5. Latino, 6. Biracial/Multiracial, 7. Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Trans-gender (GLBT) individuals. You are expected to cite at least four sources that you used in helping you define and understand your racial identity development. You can use the bibliography information attached to the course syllabus.
This is a challenging assignment since one’s identity is a complex issue and may involve a combination of several “identities” such as White female Lesbian Feminist, or Black female Lesbian, or Gay African American male, or biracial or multiracial heritage adoptee, etc. I expect you to describe as many identities as you see fit you. These may present personal complexities which you may or may not have dealt with objectivity before. These models are intended to help you identify them and look at them with the concepts and language of contemporary RID and WRID self-definition. The purpose of the exercise is for you to understand where and/or how you learn your biases and stereotypes to different oppressed groups.
You will be using the Black Identity Development Model, I will attach the textbook pages that will help guide you to write this paper. Write in the perspective of a African American Muslim woman who grew up in a predominately white neighborhood and school. Please explain in your own words each stage of the model and write in first person, how a African American Muslim woman would go through each of those stages.
Bibliography provided by the professor:
Racial Identity
DiAngelo, R. (2011) White Fragility. International Journal of Critical Pedagogy 3 (3) 54-70.
Doane, A.W. (1997). White identity and race relations in the 1990s. In Carter, G.L. (Ed), Perspectives on Current Social Problems, edited by (pp. 151-159). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Ellsworth, E. (1997). Double binds of whiteness. In M. Fine, L. Weis, L. C. Powell, & L. M. Wong (Eds.), Off white: Readings on race power, and society (pp. 259–269). New York: Routledge
Forbes, J. K. (1990). The Manipulation of Race, Caste, and Identity: Classifying Afroamericans, Native Americans and Red-Black People. Journal of Ethnic Studies 17 (4).
Frankenberg, R. (1993). The social construction of Whiteness: White women, race matters. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Garroutte, E. M. (2001). The Racial Formation of American Indians: Negotiating Legitimate Identities within Tribal and Federal Law. American Indian Quarterly 25 (2). 224-239.
Gracia, J J. E. (2007) Race or ethnicity?: on Black and Latino identity. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Jernigan, M. M., Green, C. E., Pérez-Gualdrón, L., Liu, M., Henze, K. T.,Chen, C., Bazelais, K. N., Satiani, A., Mereish, E. H. & Helms, J. E. ( 2015) # Racialtraumaisreal. Institute for the Study and Promotion of Race and Culture.
Karl Kwam, K-L (2001) Models of Racial and Ethnic Identity Development: Delineation of Practice Implications. Journal of Mental Health Counseling 23 (3). 269-277.
Lott, J.L. (1998) Asian Americans: from racial category to multiple identities. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press.
Loury, G. C. (2002) The Anatomy of Racial Inequality. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Lucero, N.M. (2010) Making meaning of urban American Indian identity: Amultistage integrative process. Social Work 55(4), 327-336.
Markstrom, C. A. (2010) Identity formation of American Indian adolescents: local, national and global considerations. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 21(2), 519-535.
O’Brien, E. (2008) The Racial Middle: Latinos and Asian Americans Living Beyond the Racial Divide. New York: New York University Press.
Phan, L.T., Rivera, E. T., & Robert-Wilbur, J. (2005) Understanding Vietnamese refugee women’s identity development from a sociopolitical and historical perspective. Journal of Counseling & Development, 83, 305-312.
Rockquemore, K. A., Brunsma D.L. & Feagin, J. R. (2008) Beyond Black: Biracial Identity in America. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
Rowe, W., & Atkinson, D. R. (1995) Misrepresentation and interpretation: Critical evaluation of white racial identity development models. Counseling Psychologist 23, (2). 365-367
Steward, R. J. & Baden, A L. (1995) The cultural-racial identity model: understanding the racial identity and cultural identity development of transracial adoptees. Eric, (Dec) 1-27
Sodowsky, G.R., Kwan, K.K., & Pannu, R. (1995). Ethnic identity of Asians in the United States. In J.G. Ponterotto, J.M. Casas, L.A. Suzuki, & C.M. Alexander (Eds.). Handbook of multicultural counseling (pp. 123-154). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Trepagnier, B. (2006). Silent racism: How well-meaning white people perpetuate the racial divide. Boulder, CO: Paridigm Publishers.
West-Olatunji, C. A., Frazier, K. N., Guy, T. L., Smith, A. J., Clay, L. & Breaux III, W. (2007) The Use of Racial/Cultural identity Development Model to Understand a Vietnamese American: A Research Case Study. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development 35 (1).40-50
Muslim
Ahmed, S., Amer, M. M. (2012) Counseling Muslims: handbook of mental health issues and interventions. New York: Routledge.
Graham, J. R; Bradshaw, C. & Trew, J. L. (2010). Cultural considerations for social service agencies working with Muslim clients. Social Work, 55 (4), 337-346.
Ibrahim, F. A. & Dykeman, C. (2011) Counseling Muslim Americans: Cultural and Spiritual Assessments. Journal of Counseling and Development, 89, (4). 387-396.
Norris, P., Inglehart, R. F. (2012). Muslim integration into Western cultures: between origins and destinations. Political Studies, 60(2), 228-251.
Peterson, D. C. (2006). Muslim Identity. In R. C. Martin (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World (pp.339-344) Vol. 1. New York: Macmillan Reference USA.
Use the black identity model from the text book pages and any of these bibliographies provided by the professor to help guide this paper and please list references used . THANK YOU SO MUCH!
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