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In Wolf’s view, a meaningful life involves taking satisfaction in genuinely valuable relationships and activities. Sisyphus Fulfilled regards his activity as valuable, but he’s deluded: the activity is worthless. As Wolf formulates it, the view presupposes evaluative realism: the idea that genuinely valuable things are valuable, not because we happen to value them, but in their own right, independent of our attitudes toward them. Evaluative realism is, however, a controversial view. It is therefore worth asking how Wolf’s view looks if we reject this sort of realism. Wolf’s view is obviously incompatible with:
Simple Subjectivism: An activity is valuable (in the sense relevant to Wolf’s account) if and only if the agent finds it valuable.
For on that view, Sisyphus Fulfilled is engaged in valuable activity, and his life is meaningful. But consider the following alternatives:
Intersubjectivism: An activity is valuable if and only if many people find it valuable.
Idealized Subjectivism: An activity is valuable if and only if psychologically normal human beings would find it valuable if they were fully informed about it.
Evaluative Relativism: An activity is valuable if and only if people in the agent’s society or social group generally find it valuable.
Question: Consider a version of Wolf’s theory that is based on one of these alternatives (i.e. Intersubjectivism or Idealized Subjectivism) to Evaluative Realism and examine whether it yields a plausible account of meaning in life. Construct an argument for your view. Discuss a smart criticism of your argument and then try to defend your argument against that criticism.
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